<p>Malakasi  is a village and a former municipality in the Trikala regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kalampaka, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 157.534 km. Population 1,000 . The seat of the municipality was in Panagia.</p><br>
<h2>Municipal unit</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Malakasi includes the settlements of Korydallos, Malakasi, Panagia, Pefki and Trygona.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The village is part of the wider Zagori region, between Epirus and Thessaly.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village takes its name from the Malakasioi, a Vlach tribe or clan that moved to the area from central Albania in the 14th century.</p><br>
<h3>Ottoman period</h3><br>
<p>During the Ottoman period, Epirus and Aetolia-Acarnania were divided into five armatolikia: Malakasi, Tzoumerka, Xeromero, Lidorikion, and Venetiko.</p><br>
<p>In May 1871, Malakasi was the seat of the Malakasi nahiye of the Ioannina kaza.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The village is inhabited by "Vlachs" (Βλαχι), who are called Malakasi and inhabit the villages from Malakasi to Gardiki.</p><br>
<p>Oichalia Οιχαλία, before 1981: Νεοχώρι - Neochori) is a town and a former municipality in the Trikala regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Farkadona, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 85.628 km. In 2011 the population of the municipality was 4,781, the population of the town proper was 2,357. Oichalia is located 8 km west of Farkadona centre, and 20 km east of the city of Trikala. It is situated on the edge of the Thessalian Plain. The Greek National Road 6  passes south pf Oichalia.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Oichalia is subdivided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Georganades</p><br>
<p>Klokotos</p><br>
<p>Krini</p><br>
<p>Oichalia</p><br>
<p>Petroto</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Pyli  is a municipality in the Trikala regional unit, Greece. Situated 18 km west of Trikala, right at the bottom of two mountains Itamos, and Koziakas, which mark the beginning of the Pindos mountainline, Pyli marks the entrance to a great gorge and the natural path that leads to the city of Arta. The river Portaikos, a tributary of the river Pineios, runs through this location. The municipality of Pyli contains 7 municipal units, but the town itself has a population of about 2,000. Most inhabitants are either self-employed in small business establishments or work in Trikala. Agriculture and animal herding as an occupation has been largely abandoned, though the surrounding area is ideal for both . Pyli had always been the major trade center for the surrounding settlements and is full of interesting monuments and beautiful scenery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement of Pyli has been referenced since antiquity. It is first mentioned in the work of Pausanias, Description of Greece (Hellados Periegesis), a travel and cultural guide of ancient Greece, referenced as "Great Gates", because the location is a natural passage between Epirus and Thessaly. There also was a temple devoted to Aphaia Athena in the surrounding area, whose ruins can be still seen. It is also recorded that Alexander the Great passed through Epirus and came to Thessaly through Pyli, in order to ensure Thessalys support in his plans (which was successful, the cavalry of Thessaly became notorious in Alexanders campaign). It was also later visited by King Philip V of Macedon.</p><br>
<p>During Greco-Roman times, the location was found to be of strategic importance and the castle of Athinaion was used as an outpost, enabling monitoring of the plains in distances of up to 30 or 40 km (the famous Meteora are visible on a clear day from these outposts). In Byzantine times, after the first fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade in 1204 AD, various independent states emerged, among which the Despotate of Epirus and the principality of Thessaly. In 1283, the ruler of Thessaly, John I Doukas, founded the monastery of Porta Panagia in the area.</p><br>
<p>Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the town prospered and while it had originally been situated in the north side of the river Portaikos, it is mentioned in the writings of Cosmas of Aetolia that he visited Pyli, and the residents gave no heed to his teachings. It is said that he cursed Pyli and its residents (then known as Porta), and they relocated to the south bank, where Pyli stands today. During the Ottoman era, Ali Pasha of Ioannina rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and tried to turn his domain into an independent state. During his campaign, his army camped briefly at Pyli, and lit a very large and venerable platanus, which was badly burnt, but survived due to its large and strong roots, and still survives to this day. During World War II, the area came under the authority of Italian occupation forces, and during the years 1943-1944 under German occupation forces, which set fire to the monastery of the Dormition of Theotokos, believing that rebel forces of the ELAS were in hiding there.</p><br>
<p>In modern years, Pyli has been the local trading and education center for the surrounding villages and settlements, especially those situated in the mountainous area west of Pyli. Since Thessaly was merged into the Kingdom of Greece in 1888, Pyli was always intensely populated and bristling with activity, being characterized as a small town and electing a mayor of its own. With the Kapodistrias plan in the late 1990s, Pyli officially became a municipality with 6 municipal prefectures under its jurisdiction, St. Vissarion, Ropoto, Palaiokarya, Petrohori, St. Prokopios and Kotroni.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Pyli was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 7 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Aithikes</p><br>
<p>Gomfoi</p><br>
<p>Myrofyllo</p><br>
<p>Neraida</p><br>
<p>Pialeia</p><br>
<p>Pindos</p><br>
<p>Pyli</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 748.938 km, the municipal unit 100.075 km. After the 2014 elections, the new mayor is Kostas Maravas</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>A place of great historic importance due mainly to its strategic location as well its unique landscape, Pyli boasts a large number of monuments, especially considering its size.</p><br>
<p>The basilica of Porta Panagia that dates back to 1264, on the north bank of the river Portaikos. The basilica of Porta Panagia was the katholikon of the monastery of the Irresistible Theotokos and is dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos. It was built in 1283 by the ruler of Thessaly, John I Doukas. The church is divided into two parts, the main church and the outer section. The main church is a three section cross roofed basilica, while the outer section is a cross shaped escribed dome. There are still pieces of marble decoration and structured that date back to the original ancient temple on top of which the church was built, but most were destroyed in a fire in 1855. The icons are also in need of restoration but they are still visible, though another fire in 1980 nearly destroyed them totally.</p><br>
<p>The monastery of St. Vissarion, where women are not allowed to enter and has a total of 365 cells for the monks, situated on Mount Koziakas. The monastery was re-established by St. Vissarion sometime between 1527 and 1535. The church that still stands today was built from scratch in 1557 by the archbishop of Larissa Neophytos II, and the bishops Joseph of Demetrias, Joseph, Luke of Litzas, and Martyrios of Fanari. The church of the monastery is situated at the location the church St. Vissarion built with the help of his brother, Ignatios. The iconography was completed in November 1557 by the painter George from Constantinople. The monastery was one of the richest and most active of the area. It has 366 cells, dining halls, land property in Romania, a rich library with important manuscripts (most of which currently reside in the National Library of Greece). In 1823 the monastery was looted by Suldje Kordja, and in 1943 it was bombed twice, by the Italians and the Germans.</p><br>
<p>The Monastery of the Theotokos, situated at Goura on Mount Itamos. Right on top of the town of Pyli at a height of 640m, it is a women&#39;s monastery dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos. The monastery was founded in 1743 with funds from the archon Dimakis, from the village Chaliki of the area of Aspropotamos. In 1770, during the Orlov Revolt, the monastery was looted by the Turks, in 1823 it was burnt by Suldje Kordja, and in 1854 it was destroyed again. In 1864 it was rebuilt only in order to be set ablaze again on May 11, 1878 by the Turks, because it was used as a rebel stronghold during the brief Greek rebellion in Thessaly that year. It was built anew in 1893 by the newly appointed chief of the monastery, Meletios Karanikas. In 1943 it was bombed and burnt by the Germans and in 1960 its church collapsed. In 1961 nuns were reinstalled in the monastery, and since then it has steadily bloomed. Today it is a small and picturesque monastery, especially when in celebration.</p><br>
<p>The ancient fortress of Athenaion is at an altitude of 1356m, near the monastery of the Theotokos at Goura. It was built somewhere between the 5th and 1st century B.C. It was taken over by King Philip V of Macedon, in 189 B.C., during his campaign against the Athamanians. It was destroyed in 46 B.C. by Julius Caesar. There is a mountain path to the castle.</p><br>
<p>The arched bridge at Pouri, which is considered to mark the end of the mountains and the beginning of the settlement, a classic example of stonemasonry of the era it was built (1514). This arched bridge was built in 1514 by St. Vissarion, and up to 1936 was the only link between the plains of Thessaly and the villages of Pindos. It is 67 m long, 2.05 m wide, 30.5 m high at the center and its parapet is 0.7 m high. According to the tradition, because St. Vissarion had no money with which to pay the craftsmen, they stopped work on the bridge. A bear then presented itself, which helped to carry the raw materials but also led the chief craftsman to move a large boulder and uncover a treasure. So the workers were paid and the bridge was completed. According to the same tradition, it was St. Vissarion who first crossed the bridge, and threw the chief craftsman&#39;s mallet a few kilometers away, and were the mallet was found, the monastery of St. Vissarion was built (in the north bank of the river, where presently the settlement of St. Vissarion or locally known as Dousiko (Δούσικο) is situated).</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate in Pyli is worth mentioning since it has characteristics of both the plains and the mountainous regions of Thessaly. It is generally wet in the winter, with regular snowfalls each year averaging 30–40 cm of snow. There are also frequent rains, and low temperatures. In the summer it is arid and hot, though there are occasional buffs of cool breezes coming from the mountains. The surrounding forests and the river foliage of platanus trees provide small pockets of relief in the summer, so Pyli is a favorite stopover for many people from Trikala and the surrounding villages who are in search of some shade.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Pyli though being a small town has all the amenities one could ask for. Two major banks have branches there (National Bank of Greece, ATE Bank), there is a post office, a Health Center (a small healthcare facility with doctors on standby for emergencies), a fire department, an OTE local branch, pharmacies, super markets & mini marts, a large clothing store, as well as a couple of Internet Cafes. There&#39;s a multitude of small shops and generally all everyday needs are well catered for.</p><br>
<h2>Lodging</h2><br>
<p>Lodging in Pyli is provided by two hotels, Hotel Pyli (on the north bank of Portaikos), and Hotel Babanara (in the center of Pyli). The total amount of beds is about 100, and though in the winter it is generally easy to find a room, it is good practice to book in advance in the summer, since there are many regular visitors in the past few years. Both hotels offer good lodging in quite low prices.</p><br>
<h2>Entertainment</h2><br>
<p>Being a local center Pyli attracts quite a lot of people from neighboring villages, settlements and its municipal prefectures. Thus, it has quite a few cafes that turn into night clubs in the evening, and actually even cater to specific tastes. Art Cafe is a modern, stylish cafe located right in the center of Pyli, playing casual pop hits, and a mixed selection of dance hits in the evening. Sfentona is a rock cafe, situated in the central pedestrian street of Pyli, where you can listen to classic and new wave rock favorites. Cafe La Porta opposite the City Hall is noted for its loud music and dance club atmosphere at night time, but also offers a nice view of the main road during coffee hour. There are also nice places to eat out, like Xagiati, Strofilia and the rustic Xantziaras situated right beside the venerable platanus tree, which signifies the old center of Pyli. There are also smaller, harder to notice places that usually cater to the needs of regular old-timers.</p><br>
<p>Located on the borders of Pyli are also Tzaki, a family owned and run restaurant with a home environment and quite a large yard, Club Neromylos situated in the ruins of an old family watermill, with running water and small canals forming its environment, under a canopy of platanus trees that provide the best shade for miles, literally. Right beside the arched bridge, you can also find two other cafes with a great view of the bridge and the encircling mountains, as well as access to the now tranquil riverbed, soon to be devoid of water due to the Acheloos redirection, a major irrigation public work for Thessaly, which is nearing completion.</p><br>
<p>Pyli with its convenient location is also a preferable stopover for those who wish to continue on to the mountainous areas of Pindos, visit Elati (locally known as Tyrna) and the snow center at Pertouli, hike in the ranges of Vlaha, and generally pass to Epirus. It also offers easy access to Trikala, where an even larger multitude of entertainment opportunities can be found.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>There are regular buses almost every hour from and to Trikala, and you can also get tickets from and to Pyli directly from either Athens or Thessaloniki. Buses also provide access to the surrounding areas quite frequently (at least once a day), and there is a local cab service available.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>There is a mountaineering club that organizes hikes and trips to mountains all over Greece, as well as rock climbing in the encircling mountain cliffs.</p><br>
<p>The River Poddle  is a river in County Dublin in Ireland. The city of Dublin is named after a "dark pool"  that was once on its course. It rises in the Cookstown area, north of Tallaght, and flows into the River Liffey in the centre of Dublin.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The Poddle begins as the Tymon River in the Cookstown area northwest of Tallaght village, near the site of Fettercairn House, and flows east, through Tymon North, and northeast, forming the northern border of Templeogue, towards Greenhills. Additional ponds were added to its course when Tymon Park was formed in the 1980s and 1990s. The river flows from Greenhills into Kimmage, where it used to receive an artificial stream from the direction of Templeogue. This, the City Watercourse, carried water from the River Dodder extracted at Balrothery Weir.</p><br>
<h3>City Watercourse</h3><br>
<p>The Poddle&#39;s modest volume was increased for over 700 years by the significant addition of water diverted from the River Dodder at the great weir at Balrothery, north of Firhouse, and carried by the three-kilometre first section of the City Watercourse. The ancient watercourse was</p><br>
<h3>The Tongue</h3><br>
<p>The river is split at "The Tongue" at Mount Argus monastery in Harolds Cross, with one third of the flow forming the second section of the City Watercourse, heading for Crumlin Road and Dolphins Barn, and two thirds continuing along a form of the original river bed. In the 1990s, changes were made in the Kimmage area, including the addition of a large fountain to the river.</p><br>
<h3>Lower course</h3><br>
<p>The line of the two Poddle flows later recombine and pass under much of the south city centre in a culvert. The final stages of the river&#39;s flow are complex, with related waters separating and joining. Linked flows include the Tenter Water, and the river is joined by the Commons Water from the Coombe, and ultimately Crumlin. The present main course is itself a diversion, the Abbey Stream, of the original course, which ran further east.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays, much of the lower course of the Poddle is in a large brick tunnel under the city streets and Dublin Castle, and while access is restricted, it is walkable.</p><br>
<p>The confluence of the Poddle and the Liffey is visible at low tide at a grated opening in the Liffey walls at Wellington Quay (picture below).</p><br>
<h2>Dubh Linn and the origins of "Dublin"</h2><br>
<p>A large, dark pool once existed at the confluence of the Rivers Poddle and Liffey; this pool was described in Irish as dubh linn, which means dark pool or black pool. The city name, Dublin, is an anglicisation of this Irish phrase. This historic pool existed under the present site of the Coach House and Castle Gardens of Dublin Castle.</p><br>
<p>During the ninth century, Vikings established themselves as Kings of Dublin, and based their settlement around the confluence of the two rivers, upstream from the Stayne long-stone.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Poddle was known colloquially as the river Salach, or "dirty river" in Irish. A variation of this name, "The River Saile", is used in the old children&#39;s song Weela Weela Walya, famously performed by The Dubliners.</p><br>
<p>In 1592, Red Hugh ODonnell and Art ONeill escaped from Dublin Castle through a drain into the Poddle which runs under the castle from Ship Street gate to the Chapel Royal and the Undercroft. The Poddle was later used to provide a water defence for the south wall of the castle.</p><br>
<p>For centuries the Poddle, progressively culverted, caused regular flooding and constant dampness in many buildings in the Blackpitts to St. Patricks Street areas, including St. Patricks Cathedral. For much of this time, a special public body, the Poddle Commission, operated, working to manage this, and with the power to raise a special tax to support its work. During a major reconstruction of the cathedral in the nineteenth century, the graves of Dean Jonathan Swift and Stella were moved to their present location, due to the problem of the Poddle.</p><br>
<h2>Water supply</h2><br>
<p>The river provided an early source of water for the city as the Liffey was tidal within the city area, and undrinkable, and the other major south-side water, the Camac, was too far from the main settlement (although there may have been a channel diverting some flow from it), while the Stayne River was too small. By the 13th century the water supply was inadequate and a deal was made, in 1244/1245, with the Priory of St. Thomas to divert water from the Dodder at the weir at Balrothery near Firhouse to the Poddle, to provide the greater part of the water flow. As mentioned, this connection was allowed to dry out in the late 20th century, and only a tiny part still carries water, though ample evidence of the watercourse can be seen: the sluices and channel on the north side of the Firhouse weir still stand.</p><br>
<h2>Pictures</h2><br>
<p>Greenlee Lough is a lough or lake and national nature reserve 3 mi north of Bardon Mill, and 1.5 minorth of the B6318 road in Northumberland, northern England.</p><br>
<p>The lough is owned and managed as a nature reserve by the Northumberland Wildlife Trust and the Northumberland National Park. It is a shallow lake fringed with water plants. Most of the reserve is open water. The lakes edge has reedbed, herb fen and blanket bog. It is used extensively by wildfowl and waders that feed in the shallow waters and wetlands. The lough was used as a reservoir by the Romans on Hadrians Wall.</p><br>
<p>Greenlee Sailing Club sailed GP14s,and later Lasers, and Mirrors throughout the 60s. The club closed down in the 70s as members left for the larger, and more accessible, club at Derwent Reservoir near Hexham.</p><br>
<h2>Protected species</h2><br>
<p>The White-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes is present in the Lough. The species is in decline in Europe, Great Britain, and in northeast England, and is the only crayfish native to the British Isles. It is likely that crayfish have never been widespread in Northumberland National Park as their preferred habitat of calcareous burns, rivers, and lakes is very limited.</p><br>
<p>Farkadona  is a municipality in the southeastern Trikala regional unit, part of Thessaly in Greece. In 2011 its population was 2,652 for the town and 13,396 for the municipality. It is located about halfway between the cities Larissa to the east, and Trikala to the west, at about 30 km from both. It is situated in the Thessalian Plain, near the river Pineios. Farkadona is on the Greek National Road 6 .</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Farkadona was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Farkadona</p><br>
<p>Oichalia</p><br>
<p>Pelinnaioi</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 368.674 km, the municipal unit 219.776 km.</p><br>
<h3>Subdivisions</h3><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Farkadona is divided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Achladochori</p><br>
<p>Grizano</p><br>
<p>Diasello</p><br>
<p>Farkadona</p><br>
<p>Keramidi</p><br>
<p>Panagitsa</p><br>
<p>Pineias</p><br>
<p>Zarko</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Farkadona is named after the ancient Thessalian town Pharcadon (Φαρκαδών - Pharkadon). The ruins of ancient Pharcadon are located on a hill near the village of Klokotos, 5 km southwest of the modern town. The modern town of Farkadona was known as Tsioti before 1955.</p><br>
<p>Aspropotamos  is a former community in the Trikala regional unit, Thessaly, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kalampaka, of which it is a municipal unit. The 2011 census recorded 419 residents in the municipal unit. The seat of the community was in Kallirroi .</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The community was named after the river Aspropotamos, a tributary of the Acheloos.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Aspropotamos is located in the southern Pindus mountains, in the westernmost part of Trikala regional unit, about 40 km west of Trikala and 20 km southeast of Metsovo. Aspropotamos covers an area of 297.082 km. The largest settlement in the municipal unit is Agía Paraskeví (pop. 69).</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Aspropotamos is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Agia Paraskevi</p><br>
<p>Anthousa</p><br>
<p>Chaliki</p><br>
<p>Kallirroi</p><br>
<p>Katafyto (Katafyto, Milia)</p><br>
<p>Krania (Krania, Doliana, Konakia)</p><br>
<p>Polythea</p><br>
<p>Stefani</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Gorgopotamos  is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 157.300 km. It is located 8 km southwest of Lamia and 34 km north of Amfissa. In 2011 its population was 453 for the village and 3,374 for the municipal unit. The seat of the municipality was in Moschochori. It is named after the river Gorgopotamos which flows through the municipal unit . The Oiti mountains, a national park, lie to the southwest. The northeastern part of the municipal unit lies in the wide and flat Spercheios valley. The municipal unit of Gorgopotamos borders Lamia to the north and Phocis to the southwest.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Gorgopotamos is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Gorgopotamos</p><br>
<p>Damasta (Ano Damasta, Kato Damasta, Chalvantzaiika)</p><br>
<p>Delfino</p><br>
<p>Dyo Vouna</p><br>
<p>Eleftherochori</p><br>
<p>Irakleia</p><br>
<p>Koumaritsi</p><br>
<p>Moschochori</p><br>
<p>Neo Krikello</p><br>
<p>Oiti (Oiti, Skamnos)</p><br>
<p>Vardates (Ano Vardates)</p><br>
<p>The village Gorgopotamos grew around an acetylene plant that operated between 1907 and 1945. The village of Eleftherochori is situated at 800 m above sea level on the slope of Kallidromo. The village of Damasta features the natural spring known as Psoroneri.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gorgopotamos bridge, built in 1905, put the Gorgopotamos village on the map for the strategic purpose the bridge played during World War II.</p><br>
<p>The Engineer who originally designed and built the infamous Gorgopotamos bridge was Agostino Tacconi, later Αυγουστίνος Τακωνης (Takonis) who migrated from Palermo Italy to Greece to supply Greece with his Engineering skills. At the time Greece was recruiting from other nations to fill a significant skills shortage. The name of Gorgopotamos became famous during World War II, when 150 Greek partisans, following plans drawn by E. C. W. "Eddie" Myers and assisted by a group of British SOE officers, which included C.M. Woodhouse, blew up the railroad bridge over the Gorgopotamos river on November 25, 1942 as part of Operation Harling and cut off the enemy-controlled route between Thessaloniki and Athens. The blast ruined two of the six piers of the bridge. In an act of reprisals, the German occupation forces executed 16 Greek locals. The area around the bridge has been designated a national monument.</p><br>
<p>After World War II and the Greek Civil War, the bridge of Gorgopotamos was partially rebuilt, the piers being replaced with steel girders.</p><br>
<p>Amfikleia  is a town and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Amfikleia-Elateia, of which it is a municipal unit.</p><br>
<p>The municipal unit has an area of 229.366 km, the community 108.124 km. At the 2011 census, the population of the municipal unit was 4,186 and of the community 3,191. The town is situated at the northern foot of Mount Parnassus, in the valley of the river Cephissus. It is 11 km northwest of Kato Tithorea and 31 km southeast of Lamia. Greek National Road 3 (Thebes - Lamia) passes through the town. It has a railway station on the Athens–Thessaloniki railway.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Amfikleia consists of the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Amfikleia</p><br>
<p>Bralos</p><br>
<p>Drymaia</p><br>
<p>Palaiochori</p><br>
<p>Tithroni</p><br>
<p>Xylikoi</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Amfikleia was named after the ancient town Amphicleia (Ἀμφίκλεια). Amphicleia was also named Amphicaea (Ἀμφίκαια) and Ophiteia (Ὀφιτεία). It was situated in the north of ancient Phocis. The Persians under Xerxes destroyed the city in 480 BC during the second Persian invasion of Greece. It was rebuilt afterwards, and at the time of Pausanias (2nd century AD), it was known for the worship of Dionysus.</p><br>
<p>The town Dadi, which was founded near the site of ancient Amphicleia, was renamed to Amfikleia in 1915.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Athanasios Eftaxias (1849–1931), politician</p><br>
<p>Domokos , the ancient Thaumacus or Thaumacie, is a town and a municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. The town Domokos is the seat of the municipality of Domokos and of the former Domokos Province. The town is built on a mountain slope overlooking the plain of Thessaly, 38km from the city of Lamia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area of Domokos became part of Greece in 1881, when the Ottoman Empire ceded Thessaly and a few adjacent areas to Greece. Until 1899, it was part of the Larissa Prefecture.</p><br>
<h3>Battle of Domokos</h3><br>
<p>In 1897, during the Greco-Turkish War, about 2,000 Italian volunteers under the command of Giuseppe Garibaldi&#39;s son, Ricciotti Garibaldi, helped the Greeks in the Battle of Domokos. Among them there was also a member of the Italian Parliament, Antonio Fratti, who died in the fighting. The Turkish Army was victorious over the Greek Army.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Domokos was formed during the 2011 local government reforms by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Domokos</p><br>
<p>Thessaliotida</p><br>
<p>Xyniada</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 707.953 km, the municipal unit 346.129 km.</p><br>
<h2>Province</h2><br>
<p>The province of Domokos (Επαρχία Δομοκού) was one of the provinces of Phthiotis. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Kamena Vourla  is a town and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Molos-Agios Konstantinos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 117.496 km. The population of the town proper was 2,796 at the 2011 census. The town was formerly known as Palaiochori.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kamena Vourla is located on the south coast of the Malian Gulf, 4 km west of Cape Knimis, which separates the Malian Gulf from the North Euboean Gulf. The Knimis mountains rise just south of the town. It is crossed by Motorway 1, which connects Athens and Thessaloniki.</p><br>
<h2>Springs and monastery</h2><br>
<p>The famous springs became important around 1926 when the chemist Michail Pertesis discovered the exceptionally high radon concentration in the water, which was thought of as a great value for people&#39;s health. Nearly ten years later (1930s), the first hotels started to develop. After World War II, Kamena Vourla was transformed into a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>8 km away on the road heading uphill features the monastery known as Iera Moni Metamorfoseos tou Sotiros which was built in around the 11th century. Nearby the city a historic tomb is situated, a monument to the Battle of Thermopylae with a seal of Leonidas, King of Sparta, located not far from the mountain village Karya.</p><br>
<p>Malesina  is a town and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since 2011 the local government reform, it became a part of the new municipality Lokroi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 103.712 km. Malesina is located in the former Locris Province, in south-east Phthiotis. It is at the 125th kilometer of Greek National Road 1. The municipal unit covers the peninsula Aetolimni. The town is surrounded by olive groves, vines and fields. The town was founded by Arvanites settlers in between 1466 and 1485.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The region of Malesina is known for its clean beaches on the Northern Gulf of Euboea. The beaches of Osmaes, Vlihada, Lekouna, Arsana each year gain the "Light blue Flag" for cleanliness. There are other beaches at Gorgolimano, Papa, Mourtitsa, Mantesiou, and Kakailias.</p><br>
<p>The region of Malesina has evolved rapidly into an economy based on tourism, because of its landscape and location near to Athens. but also because it possesses fertile grounds, olive groves and a lot of residents are working in the heavy industry of Larco and in new houses construction of the Osmaes settlement.</p><br>
<p>Malesina has a well-studied street-plan of city, with perfect structural blocks, squares, streets straight from one end until the other. The sewer system, as well as the system of biological cleaning shortages are in the stage of their completion. It has 14th-state municipal school, high school, lyceum, kindergarten, day nursery, post-office, banks, cooperatives, athletic associations, grounds, rural surgery, private dental clinic, drugstores and Center for Elder Citizens. One kilometer out of the city there are the children΄s camps of Ministry of External Affairs, where each summer hundreds of children from the Dissemination are getting entertained.</p><br>
<p>The municipality of Malesina comprises the city of Malesina, the resort of Theologos, the settlement of Osmaes (Building Cooperative of Greek Army lifer Officers) and the villages Proskyna and Mazi. Also in the municipality of Malesina is the Byzantine nunnery of Saint George, as well as the archaeological sites of Alai Lokri (in Theologos), Korseias (Chiliadou or Paliokastro Proskyna) and Voumelitea (Chiliadou or Martino).</p><br>
<p>Pelasgia , The municipal unit has an area of 128.334 km, the community 52.089 km. In the 2011 census, the municipal unit of Pelasgia numbered 2,860 inhabitants, the town proper 1,497.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village is located at the northern entrance of the Malian Gulf, some 2 km south of the acropolis of the ancient city of Larisa Kremaste.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city is still mentioned until the early Byzantine period, but was abandoned after the Slavic invasions of the 7th century and reappears only in the 11th century under the new, Slavic, name of Gardiki, which the settlement bore until 1927, when it was renamed to Pelasgia.</p><br>
<p>In the 11th century, Gardiki—referred to in Byzantine sources also as hetera Gardikia (ἑτέρα Γαρδικία), "the other Gardiki", to distinguish it from the town of the same name near Trikala—was an episcopal see (a suffragan see of the Metropolis of Larissa). The Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who visited it in 1165, found it almost deserted, with only a few Greek and Jewish families resident. Nevertheless, under Emperor Isaac II Angelos in 1189 it is listed as among the metropolitan sees, albeit without any suffragans. A manuscript list indicates that there was a Greek bishop named John in 1191–92.</p><br>
<p>In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the town came under Frankish rule, and was known as Gardichy, Cardiche, Lacardica, and Gaudica. The local see accordingly came under the Latin Church. Lequien (II, 979) and Gams mention five Latin bishops from 1208 to 1389, the first being Bartholomew, to whom many letters of Pope Innocent III are addressed; Bartholomew was also bishop of Velestino and Demetrias, and seems to have been the only residential Latin bishop.</p><br>
<p>In 1222 it was recovered by the Epirote Greeks and the see was restored to its Greek Orthodox clergy, becoming an archbishopric and eventually again a metropolis. In 1275 it was ceded by the ruler of Thessaly, John I Doukas, along with Zetounion, Gravia, and Siderokastron, to the Duchy of Athens as part of the dowry of his daughter Helena Angelina Komnene. In ca. 1294 the town was granted by the Duke of Athens Guy II de la Roche to Boniface of Verona, who held its lordship at least until the Battle of Halmyros in 1311.</p><br>
<p>Along with other towns in southern Thessaly such as Domokos and Pharsalus, in the mid-1320s Gardiki came briefly under the rule of the Catalan Company, which had taken over the Duchy of Athens in the aftermath of Halmyros. Latin bishops of the Dioecesis Cardicensis are still mentioned in 1363 and ca. 1396. The town surrendered to the Ottoman Turks after the fall of Euboea in 1470, and its inhabitants were deported to Constantinople.</p><br>
<p>The diocese is today listed by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see.</p><br>
<p>The substantial boundary walls of the ancient acropolis are still visible, and mosaics from an early Christian basilica have been uncovered a short distance away near the shore.</p><br>
<p>Spercheiada  is a town and a former municipality in the western part of Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Makrakomi, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 379.521 km. The population of Spercheiada municipal unit was 7,680, with 2,691 of them from the town of Spercheiada .</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Spercheiada is subdivided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Agios Sostis</p><br>
<p>Anatoli</p><br>
<p>Argyria</p><br>
<p>Gardiki</p><br>
<p>Kallithea</p><br>
<p>Kampia</p><br>
<p>Kanalia</p><br>
<p>Kloni</p><br>
<p>Kolokythia</p><br>
<p>Kyriakochori</p><br>
<p>Lefkada</p><br>
<p>Marmara</p><br>
<p>Mesopotamia</p><br>
<p>Nikolitsi</p><br>
<p>Palaiovracha</p><br>
<p>Palaiochori</p><br>
<p>Perivoli</p><br>
<p>Pitsi</p><br>
<p>Platanos</p><br>
<p>Pougkakia</p><br>
<p>Spercheiada</p><br>
<p>Fteri</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Elpida (1950-), singer</p><br>
<p>Stylida  is a town and a municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. The population of the municipal unit was 6,126 .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First mention of the town of Stylida was during ancient times when the town was named Phalara (Φάλαρα). The town has many ancient buildings and artifacts, such as the wall near the church of Agia Ekaterini, the tombs located near Karkali street and a mosaic under the Eleftheriou Venizelou street.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Stylida was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Echinaioi</p><br>
<p>Pelasgia</p><br>
<p>Stylida</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 463.863 km, the municipal unit 202.477 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The port town Stylida is situated on the northern shore of the Malian Gulf, and at the southern foot of Mount Othrys, It is 17 km east of Lamia, the capital of Phthiotis. The Greek National Road 1 passes through the town.</p><br>
<h2>Twin towns</h2><br>
<p>Amelia, Italy, since 2002</p><br>
<p>Tithorea  is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, Greece. Since the 2011 reforms of local administration, Tithorea constitutes a municipal unit in the municipality of Amfikleia-Elateia. The municipal unit has an area of 149.593 km. Population 3,198 .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit consists of the town Kato Tithorea (the seat of the former municipality) and the villages of Agia Marina, Agia Paraskevi, Modi and Tithorea. Liakoura (ancient Lykoreia), the highest summit of Mount Parnassus at a height of 2,457 m, lies in the southernmost part of the municipal unit. The river Cephissus flows in the valley North of the town. Kato Tithorea has a station on the Athens-Thessaloniki railway line.</p><br>
<p>The village Tithorea is situated at the northern foot of the Parnassus, 5 km southwest of Kato Tithorea. It is a traditional settlement with stone houses. The main sights are the ancient wall and castle, the water mill, the mosaic floor of the chapel of Saint John, the gorge of Kachalas, the churches of Avvas Zosimas, Agiarsali and Saint George, the beautiful forest (a NATURA 2000 area) and the cave of Odysseas Androutsos.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tithorea was named after the ancient Phocian town Tithorea, also referred to as Neon, built on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, on the exact location of the modern village of Tithorea. Before 1926 it was known as Velitsa (Βελίτσα), a Slavic toponym.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city was built after the destruction of the nearby cities by Xerxes&#39; Persian army in 480 BC. According to Herodotus, inhabitants from ruined cities located on the banks of the Cephissus fled to the foot of the Parnassus around Tithorea. After the Persians left, the Phocians settled around Tithorea where a fortress was built. The city reached its peak in the 3rd century BC, when it minted its own coins.</p><br>
<p>Ypati  is a village and a former municipality in Phthiotis, central peninsular Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. Its 2011 population was 4,541 for the municipal unit, and 496 for the settlement of Ypati itself. The town has a long history, being founded at the turn of the 5th/4th century BC as the capital of the Aenianes. During the Roman period the town prospered and was regarded as the chief city of Thessaly, as well as a bishopric. It was probably abandoned in the 7th century as a result of the Slavic invasions, but was re-established by the 9th century as Neopatras. The town became prominent as a metropolitan see and was the capital of the Greek principality of Thessaly in 1268–1318 and of the Catalan Duchy of Neopatras from 1319 to 1391. It was conquered by the Ottomans in the early 15th century and remained under Ottoman rule until the Greek War of Independence.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Antiquity</h3><br>
<p>In Antiquity, the city was known as Hypate (Ὑπάτη) or Hypata (Ὑπάτα), probably a corruption of hypo Oita (ὑπὸ Οἴτα, meaning "near the Mount Oeta").</p><br>
<p>The city was founded in the late 5th/early 4th century, as the capital of the Aenianes tribe and their koinon ("league, commonwealth"). In later times it belonged to the Amphictyony of Amphela. Herodotus records the nearby hot springs, which were visited in Antiquity.</p><br>
<p>In around 344 BC, the city came under Macedonian rule, which continued, except for a brief interruption during the Lamian War, until the city became a member of the Aetolian League ca. 273 BC. As a member of the League, it was ravaged by the Roman general Manius Acilius Glabrio in 191 BC, and hosted the Roman–Aetolian negotiations two years later. After the conclusion of peace between Rome and the Aetolian League, Hypata remained as the only Aetolian possession north of Oeta. In 168 BC, Rome re-established the koinon of the Aenianes as an autonomous polity, with its own eponymous magistrates and coins; Hypata became again its capital, and entered a period of renewed prosperity. In about 30 BC, Augustus united Aenis with the Thessalian Federation, and the city formed part of Thessaly thereafter; by the 2nd century it was counted as the most important Thessalian city.</p><br>
<h3>Byzantine, Crusader and Ottoman rule</h3><br>
<p>The city is still mentioned in the 6th century under its ancient name by Procopius, who recorded repairs to its walls by Emperor Justinian I, and in the Synecdemus.</p><br>
<p>The city was probably abandoned after the Slavic invasions of the 7th century, but reappears in the 9th century under the name Neai Patrai (Νέαι Πάτραι, "New Patras") or Patrai Helladikai (Πάτραι Ἑλλαδικαὶ, "Patras in Hellas"). Until the 13th century, the city is mentioned only as an ecclesiastical centre (see below).</p><br>
<p>Coming briefly under Latin rule after the Fourth Crusade, the city was recovered by the ruler of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, in 1218. It remained in Epirote hands thereafter, except for a brief period when it was occupied by Nicaean troops after the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259.</p><br>
<p>Early 19th-century sources report that the town was the centre of a kaza (district) in the Sanjak of Inebahti of the Morea Eyalet.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary period</h3><br>
<p>In the Greek War of Independence, Ypati (Patratziki) was the scene of three battles :</p><br>
<p>On 18 April 1821, when the Turkish-held town was attacked by the Greek rebels under Mitsos Kondogiannis, Dyovouniotis, Athanasios Diakos and Bakogiannis. The garrison was defeated and negotiations for its surrender began, but the arrival of a large Turkish relief army forced the rebels to withdraw.</p><br>
<p>In May 1821, the Greek commanders Yannis Gouras, Skaltsodimos and Safakas intended to attack the town in order to halt the Ottoman advance towards Livadeia. Their forces however were attacked first, and although they beat back the Turkish assault, the plans to take the town were dropped.</p><br>
<p>On 2 April 1822, when the town itself was finally taken by the forces of the captains Kondogiannis, Panourgias, Skaltsas and Safakas. The castle however, with its 1,500-strong garrison, held out. A final attack against it was successful, evicting the garrison, but again the revolutionaries had to withdraw due to the arrival of Ottoman reinforcements from Lamia.</p><br>
<p>Ypati finally joined Greece in 1830 and revived its ancient name. The municipality of Ypati was founded on January 10, 1834.</p><br>
<h3>Modern era</h3><br>
<p>The town suffered during the Axis occupation: 15 inhabitants were shot as reprisals for the Gorgopotamos sabotage in 1942.</p><br>
<p>The worst blow came on 17 June 1944, when the Germans surrounded the town as part of reprisals for attacks by EAM-ELAS partisans based in the region. They executed 28 people, wounded another 30, and burned down 375 out of the town&#39;s 400 buildings. A memorial in the town centre commemorates the event and Ypati has been declared a "martyr city" by the Greek state.</p><br>
<h2>Ecclesiastical history</h2><br>
<h3>Ancient and Byzantine see</h3><br>
<p>The Greek menologium commemorates, on 28 March, Saint Herodion, traditionally held to be one of 70 disciples mentioned in the Gospel (whom the Apostle Paul of Tarsus calls a relative in Epistle to the Romans, ch.16, v.11) as first bishop of Neopatras.</p><br>
<p>The city is historically attested as an episcopal see from the 3rd century on. Initially it was a suffragan of the Metropolis of Larissa, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Its first historically documented bishop was Leo, participant at the Council of Costantinople of 879-880 which rehabilitated Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople.</p><br>
<p>It was raised to a metropolitan bishopric ca. 900, listed in the Notitia Episcopatuum attributed to the Byzantine emperor Leo VI, as the penultimate metropolitan see under the Patriarchate of Constantinople with one suffragan see, the Diocese of Marmaritzana. A 10th-century seal holds the name of archbishop Cosmas, while the Metropolitan Nicholas signed a synodal decree from Patriarch Sisinius II of Constantinople around 997.</p><br>
<p>Until the 13th century, the city is most notable as an ecclesiastical centre. In the 12th century it had three suffragans: Marmaritzana (again) plus Diocese of Hagia and Diocese of Bela, but in the 13th century, it was reduced again to Marmaritzana alone, before ceding this too to the Archdiocese of Lamia (Zetounion), probably after 1318. At the turn of the 13th century, its bishop, Euthymios Malakes, was a correspondent of the metropolitan of Athens, Michael Choniates.</p><br>
<h3>Latin archbishopric</h3><br>
<p>After the Fourth Crusade, the city was made a Latin rite archdiocese, with recorded incumbents until the late 14th century:</p><br>
<p>Anonymous (mentioned in 1208)</p><br>
<p>John O.S.B. (13 February 1218 - ?)</p><br>
<p>Ferrario di Abella, O.P. (27 June 1323 - 28 September 1330) next Bishop of Mazara del Vallo</p><br>
<p>Jacob</p><br>
<p>Pietro Fabbri de Armoniaco, O.F.M. (9 August 1361 - ?)</p><br>
<p>Francis, O.F.M.</p><br>
<p>Matthew, O.F.M. (6 February 1376 - ?).</p><br>
<h3>Titular Latin see</h3><br>
<p>The Latin archdiocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Catholic Metropolitan titular archbishopric (Novæ Patræ, adj. Neopatrensis; Curiate Italian: Neopatrasso).</p><br>
<p>It is currently vacant, having had the following incumbents :</p><br>
<p>Angel María Pérez y Cecilia, O.C.D. (1934.11.12 – death 1945.06.14)</p><br>
<p>Leonida Medina (1947.07.19 – death 1953.12.25)</p><br>
<p>Domenico Menna (1954.09.08 – death 1957.10.08)</p><br>
<p>Angelo Innocent Fernandes (1959.06.04 – 1967.09.16) as Coadjutor Archbishop of Delhi (India) (1959.06.04 – 1967.09.16)</p><br>
<h2>Administrative subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Ypati is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets) :</p><br>
<p>Argyrochori</p><br>
<p>Dafni</p><br>
<p>Kastanea (Kastanea, Kapnochori)</p><br>
<p>Kompotades</p><br>
<p>Ladikou</p><br>
<p>Loutra Ypatis (Loutra Ypatis, Varka, Magoula, Nea Ypati)</p><br>
<p>Lychno (Lychno, Alonia)</p><br>
<p>Mexiates</p><br>
<p>Mesochori Ypatis</p><br>
<p>Neochori Ypatis</p><br>
<p>Peristeri</p><br>
<p>Pyrgos</p><br>
<p>Rodonia (Rodonia, Karya)</p><br>
<p>Syka Ypatis</p><br>
<p>Vasiliki</p><br>
<p>Ypati (Ypati, Amalota)</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Monuments and sights</h2><br>
<p>The town is still dominated by its medieval castle, probably built in its present form in the 13th century, although the large round tower likely dates to the Catalan period. The castle&#39;s last military use was during the Greek Civil War. The castle was restored in 2011–15 with EU funds under the supervision of the 24th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities and is open to the public from 19 December 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Byzantine Museum of Phthiotis, housed in an old barracks building erected in 1836 and open to the public since 2007, features Byzantine artifacts discovered in archaeological digs across the Phthiotis Prefecture, including mosaics and items of daily use, as well as a significant coin collection. The town features also the Byzantine-era Church of Hagia Sophia, built on the site of an older, early Christian church. The church masonry incorporates many pieces of spolia from the early and middle Byzantine periods, as well as the post-Byzantine era. At the southern side, archaeologists have discovered remnants of a 5th-century baptistery. The town&#39;s old cathedral church, dedicated to Saint Nicholas, dates to the 18th century, but portions of a mosaic floor and reused architectural elements point to the existence, on the same location, of an early Christian basilica.</p><br>
<p>Notable sights are also the "Kakogianneio" Astronomical School and planetarium, the traditional water mill at the waterfall near the entrance of the town, and the martyrs&#39; monument at the central town square, dedicated to the people executed by the Germans on 17 June 1944. Due to the proximity of Oeta, Ypati has also become a centre for excursions to the mountain, and is the starting point of several trekking paths.</p><br>
<p>The 15th-century Agathonos Monastery is located some 3 km west of the town. The monastery also houses the Oiti Natural History Museum, dedicated to the geology, climate, flora and fauna of Mount Oeta and its national park.</p><br>
<p>Pavliani  is a village on Mount Oeta, and a former community in Phthiotis, Greece. It is divided into two settlements, Pavliani proper or Ano Pavliani  and Nea Pavliani  or Kato Pavliani .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ruins of the medieval town of Siderokastron are located to the east of the village. With the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, on 20 April 1835 Pavliani became the seat of the Municipality of the Rodontians (Δήμος Ροδοντίων) of the Phocis and Locris Prefecture. The municipality comprised the nearby villages of Gardikaki (Oiti), Sklithraki, and Koumaritsi.</p><br>
<p>On 2 July 1841 the Municipality of the Rodontians was dissolved and Pavliani became part of the Municipality of the Heracleots of the Phthiotis and Phocis Prefecture (in 1899–1909 the Phthiotis Prefecture), until it became an independent community (Κοινότης Παύλιανης) on 31 August 1912. The village was also the site of the Battle of Pavliani on 3 June 1943, by the forces of the Greek Resistance against an Italian army column. A monument dedicated to the fallen of the battle stands at the entrance of Kato Pavliani.</p><br>
<p>Pavliani remained an independent community until the 2011 local government reform, following which it is part of the municipality of Lamia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 38.468 km. Population was 498 in the 2011 census, of whom 367 in Ano Pavliani and 131 in Kato Pavliani.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Pavliani neropriono.jpgTraditional industry park</p><br>
<p>Mono Island is the largest island of the Treasury Islands, Solomon Islands, at .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mono island is a volcanic island in the northwest of the Solomon Islands. It is separated by the Blanche Harbour from Stirling Island and the other coral islands surrounding it. The village of Falamai is the main population centre of the island. The island is rimmed by limestone cliffs of more than twenty metres in height. The island&#39;s population is around 1,800.</p><br>
<p>The earthquake of April 1, 2007 and the tsunami following the earthquake caused considerable damage in Mono. Five houses and all school buildings collapsed and four people were reported missing.</p><br>
<h2>World War II</h2><br>
<p>The Japanese had occupied Mono during their invasion of the Solomons. On October 27, 1943 the 8th Brigade of the Third New Zealand Division and the U.S. 87th Navy Construction Battalion landed at two locations: at Falamai (site of the Japanese HQ on the island) in the south, and at Purple Beach at Soanotalu in the north. By November 7 the island was under Allied control. Twelve Americans and forty New Zealanders were killed during the campaign. For the New Zealanders, it was the first opposed amphibious operation since Gallipoli.</p><br>
<p>Stirling Island was turned into a huge airstrip by the allies, which was deserted after the War ended.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Mono Island is a diving paradise and is from time to time a port of call for cruising ships.</p><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Park Branch Library is a branch of the Saint Paul Public Library in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. A Carnegie library built in 1917, it is on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1999 a rotunda was built on to the back of the building. This new section houses the branch’s children&#39;s collection, one of the largest in Saint Paul.</p><br>
<p>Although one of Saint Paul&#39;s smaller library branches at 10,590 ft&sup2, the St. Anthony Park Branch circulated 265,776 items in 2005, making it the third-busiest branch in the city. The on-site collection numbered 55,175 items that same year. The branch is open 44 hours per week, Monday to Saturday.</p><br>
<p>The library branch is considered an icon of the Saint Anthony Park neighborhood. Primary user groups are neighborhood residents, students and faculty from the nearby University of Minnesotas St. Paul Campus and Luther Seminary, and students from two nearby public schools. One-third of users come from Minneapolis and suburban Ramsey County. To serve the many U of M graduate students and their families from who are from Asia, the branch has the citys primary collection of Chinese and Korean language materials.</p><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Park Branch is unique in having its own community advocacy group, the St. Anthony Park Library Association (SAPLA), in addition to the overall Friends of the St. Paul Public Library. The annual St. Anthony Park Arts Festival began on the library&#39;s front lawn and now sprawls for more than a block. During the festival, which is the first Saturday in June, the library holds a very large used book sale.</p><br>
<p>The William Brinton 1704 House is a historic house museum located 21 Oakland Road in Delaware County, Pennsylvania just south of West Chester, Pennsylvania. Built in 1704, it is well-preserved example of an early Delaware Valley stone house, which served as a residence of one family for over 150 years. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967. It is open for tours on weekends between May and October, or by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The William Brinton 1704 House was built in 1704 by William Brinton, Jr. (also known as "William the Younger" or "William the Builder"). It was sold out of the family in 1860. In 1881, a serpentine stone wing was added to the home. In 1947 the house was purchased by Brinton descendants and donated to the West Chester Historical Society. In the 1950s, architect G. Edwin Brumbaugh restored the building to its original form by removing the 1881 wing and other Gothic embellishments.</p><br>
<p>The William Brinton 1704 House was one of the 14 houses standing in the battlefield area of the Battle of Brandywine, fought on September 11, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. In 1878, Thomas Eakins painted the Brinton House as it would have originally appeared.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Brinton House stands south of West Chester, on the east side of Oakland Road south of its junction with Brinton&#39;s Bridge Road. Its main block is a rectangular stone structure, built out of locally quarried stone laid in courses of irregular height. The walls are 22 in thick and two stories in height. The end walls each have a brick chimney on the outside. There is a steep roof and pent eaves are in place over the first floor windows on the north and south sides of the house. The home also boasts 27 reproduction windows of leaded sash with diamond lights. Most of the original flooring is still in use.</p><br>
<p>Navy Island is a small  island off the coast of Port Antonio in Portland Parish, Jamaica, formerly owned by actor Errol Flynn.</p><br>
<p>The island was once owned by movie pirate Errol Flynn and hosted many wild Hollywood parties. Until fairly recently, the Island has been maintained as a tourist resort and attraction, with a club bar, beaches, water sports facilities, marina, wedding chapel and African style cottages.</p><br>
<p>Originally the island was given to Governor Lynch of Jamaica for services to the Crown and named, "Lynchs Island". Subsequently, it was used by the Royal Navy (hence the new name) for a gun battery at the eastern end to complement the fort built on the mainland. After going through many hands, Errol Flynn purchased (or won it gambling) and used it for his private retreat. He planted the long row of Royal Palms which remain today as one of the most beautiful stands of such trees available. He never had a home on the island but moored his yacht, "Zaca" at the island which offered a thatch-covered structure built around an existing tree. The "Governor", a local, was a full-time caretaker and he lived in the only real&#39; house on the island at that time. In time, Len Koutnik, a land developer from Los Angeles, purchased the island and planned an up scale vacation retreat with unusual tropical homes under the aegis, "Jamaica Islandia". Pressed by the Jamaican Government to begin some construction on this most desirable location, Koutnik was forced to lower his expectations for ultra posh accommodations. Friends in Studio City, Mr and Mrs Harry Eiler, were the first to purchase and build one of the circular homes featured on the island.</p><br>
<p>A few other hardy investors added similar homesites and finally Mr & Mrs Joseph Casey, of Rhode Island, joined with Koutnik to start construction of a hotel and surrounding rental villas. Unfortunately, Mr. Koutnik ran out of funds and eventually the Caseys took control of the project. However, the planned construction was never completed and only the rudimentary foundations and walls were left for years - unfinished. After Mr. Caseys death from cancer, his widow, Gertrude, offered the Eilers a lease on the entire island so that they could complete construction and operate the only private island resort in Jamaica - The Admiralty Club. After five years of operation, a disgruntled employee who was fired because he was stealing funds riled up the entire staff and took over the island. The staff commandeered the two boats used to ferry guests to the island and held the Eilers at bay until they received all their termination pay. After this terrifying experience, the Eilers left the island within a week and it was allowed to operate under local supervision by Mrs. Casey. In time, other investors became interested; however, a stipulation which required that anyone could make available to themselves the amenities of the resort as if they were a guest makes it undesirable to operate as an upscale resort. In addition, there is provision for a Public Beach right amid the circle of rental villas which destroys any privacy for private use. This results in dissuading investors to proceed with the islands development.</p><br>
<p>In time, the island was closed by the Government which bought out all the remaining titles and it remains today as a derelict on one of the most beautiful islands in the Caribbean. Prevalent signs that the ruins of a large Jamaican Great House were once occupied by Errol Flynn or the site of Ian Fleming are totally false. The Round House was built by Mr and Mrs William R. Tritt of</p><br>
<p>Santa Barbara, California in 1970, and was used by the Eilers as their residence - allowing their original vacation home to be one of the premium rentals on the island. Ian Fleming never set foot on the island - although Captain Bligh did use the shallows facing the mainland as a &#39;careening station" (when they turn the hulls of ships to make them available for scraping off barnacles, etc.). Although the first attempt to bring breadfruit to Jamaica ended in mutiny, Bligh made a second successful expedition but this was not in HMS Pandora. Captain Edward Edwards commanded the Pandora on its mission to capture and bring home the mutineers but the ship was wrecked on the way home with some loss of life...including some of the mutineers.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Discovery Bay is a town in Saint Ann Parish on the northern coast of Jamaica. The city is also known locally as Dry Harbour Bay, because it sits in the shadow of the Dry Harbour Mountains in St. Ann. There is a dispute as to whether Christopher Columbus first landed in Discovery Bay or Sevilla la Nueva  in 1494. Near to the city are Puerto Seco Beach and several historic sites, such as the Green Grotto Caves and Columbus Park. Visitors to the Green Grotto Caves can see relics of the native Taíno Arawak lifestyle there. It is said that many Spaniards escaped the English invasion of 1655 through secret passages in the caves with the help of Arawaks and African slaves, in exchange for their freedom.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The city of Discovery Bay sits on a bay of the same name. The bay was originally named Puerto Seco (Dry Harbour) by Christopher Columbus because, unlike the neighboring Rio Bueno bay, there are no permanent rivers flowing into it. However, groundwater does enter the bay through deep cracks in the basement limestone, especially on the geologic fault line that runs through the ship channel and on the western side. The salinities of the submerged springs are greater than 20 parts per thousand, yet they cause a marked difference in temperature and salinity in the shallow western back reef.</p><br>
<p>Discovery Bay&#39;s economy is dependent upon tourism and bauxite mining. To the west of the bay is a port from which the St. Ann Bauxite Company, which employs 450 people, exports ore. The St. Ann Bauxite company was formerly named Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Co. (KJBC), and was jointly owned by Kaiser Aluminum and the government of Jamaica.</p><br>
<p>It is also the site of the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, operated by the University of the West Indies. Founded in 1965, the lab has hosted researchers from around the world focusing on coral reef biology and tropical coastal processes.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the city&#39;s 2,700 residents are of African descent. The original Taíno Arawak residents did not survive the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.</p><br>
<p>The John Crow Mountains are a range of mountains in Jamaica. They extend parallel with the north east coast of the island, bounded to the west by the banks of the Rio Grande, and joining with the eastern end of the Blue Mountains in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The name John Crow first recorded in the 1820s and comes from the Jamaican name for the turkey vulture. It has been suggested that previous to this, the range was known as the "Carrion Crow Ridge", after an earlier name for the vulture. In 1885 Inspector Herbert T. Thomas of the local constabulary began an attempt to reach the highest peak of the range, and in 1890 was successful, publishing an account in his book Untrodden Jamaica.He requested the then governor Sir Henry Blake to consent that they be renamed the Blake Mountains, but admits in his book the change met with opposition. The new name did not stick and they remain the John Crow Mountains.</p><br>
<p>In 1920 the explorer Scoresby Routledge claimed to have been the first person to have crossed the John Crow mountains, leading to an exchange of letters in The Times regarding Inspector Thomas&#39;s prior claim. The matter was settled by the Jamaican Surveyor-General, who decided that though Thomas had been the first to scale the highest peak, and explore the ridge in a north-south direction, Mr. Routledge had traversed the valley and further range beyond: and thus he first "actually crossed them from west to east".</p><br>
<p>The John Crow Mountains are also home to the endangered Papilio homerus, the largest butterfly in the Americas. The most well-studied and understood populations of the dwindling species is found where the John Crow Mountains and Blue Mountains meet.</p><br>
<p>Trongisvágsfjørður is a fjord on the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. There are four villages around the fjord. Furthest east on the northern side of the fjord is Froðba, in the bottom of the fjord is Trongisvágur. In between Trongisvágur and Froðba is Tvøroyri, the largest of these villages. South of Trongisvágur in a bay is Øravík, a part of Øravík is called Øravíkarlíð, it is located close to Trongisvágur and not visible from Øravík. These villages are in the Municipality of Tvøroyri.</p><br>
<h2>The ferry port on Krambatangi</h2><br>
<p>The ferry port Krambatangi is on the southern side of the fjord between Trongisvágur and Øravík. The ferry port was on Drelnes before 2005 when the new ferry Smyril arrived, and they had to make a new ferry port. Drelnes is just a few hundred meters further east than Krambatangi.</p><br>
<h2>The Salt Silo on Drelnes</h2><br>
<p>An old Salt Silo is on Drelnes, it is a ruin, but there is a project, which is called Project Salt, which intend to restore the Saltsilo into a concert hall and cultural house. There was a big concert there in May 2010. All the bands played for free in order to support the project.</p><br>
<p>Mount Korbu  is a mountain in Hulu Kinta, Perak, Malaysia, about 25 km from Ipoh. It is the highest peak of the Titiwangsa Mountains, the southernmost section of the Tenasserim Hills.</p><br>
<p>Mount Korbu is also the second highest mountain in Peninsular Malaysia, standing at 2,183 metres. The highest peak is Mount Tahan at 2,187 metres in the state of Pahang. A reasonable level of physical fitness is required to conquer Mount Korbu and it is not recommended for first time climbers. An average climber would need four days and three nights for a return trip. A local guide is needed to scale this mountain as the route is unmarked and climbers would get easily lost. Mount Gayong (2,173 m), fourth highest mountain in Peninsular Malaysia, can be reached in about an hour&#39;s trek from the peak of Mount Korbu.</p><br>
<p>Between 23 and 26 May 2013, 65 volunteers took part in a trail maintenance and clean-up project on Mount Korbu via the Sungai Termin Trail. It was the second such conservation project of the non-profit Adopt A Mountain (AdAM).</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>8 km away from Mount Korbu, straddling the Perak-Kelantan border is Mount Yong Belar, Peninsular Malaysia&#39;s third tallest mountain, standing at 2,181 metres (7,156 ft) above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Calf Island, also known as Apthorps Island, is a windswept island situated some 9 mi offshore of downtown Boston in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area. The island has a permanent size of 18 acre, plus an intertidal zone of a further 16 acre, and has a thin layer of soil that supports vegetation including wild cherry, beach plum, grasses, chives, and mock orange. Access is by private boat only.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century the island was granted to William Brewster of Plymouth Colony, after whom the adjacent islands of Great Brewster, Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster are named. Subsequently it was owned by Charles Apthorp who also owned Long Island and other property in the harbor. Over the years, several huts and houses were built on the island, including a colonial style summer estate built by Benjamin P. Cheney, Jr. and his wife, actress Julia Arthur, in 1902. Today only ruins remain.</p><br>
<p>Illegal boxing matches were staged on the island in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, the Army planned to install a pair of 16 in guns on Calf Island as part of the Harbor Defenses of Boston, along with 16 in gun batteries on Deer Island (now underneath the Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant) and Hog Island (now called Spinnaker Island), to cover the seaward approaches to Boston Harbor. The battery on Calf Island was never built.</p><br>
<p>Oro Bay is a bay in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, located 15 mi southeast of Buna. The bay is located within the larger Dyke Ackland Bay. A port is operated by PNG Ports Corporation Limited with limited wharf facilities, located at .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During World War II, Oro Bay was used as staging area, the terminus for convoys of Operation Lilliput, for the battle of Buna-Gona and future operations. A United States advanced base was constructed at Oro Bay, with a liberty ship wharf at the southern end of the bay, installations along the shore, and anti-aircraft gun batteries in the surrounding hills. On 28 March 1943, Imperial Japanese planes attacked shipping and harbour facilities at Oro Bay, resulting in the sinking of SS Masaya and SS Bantam. Oro Bay Airfield was also located near here.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ellsworth is a lake in Caddo and Comanche counties in the state of Oklahoma in the United States. It was built by the City of Lawton, Oklahoma in 1962, primarily to serve as a water supply source for Lawton and the surrounding area. The nearest community is Elgin, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lake Ellsworth has a stream source from East Cache Creek, 53 mi of shoreline, and encompasses 5,600 acre. The normal capacity is 59,470 acre-ft</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Recreational activities allowed include fishing, wakeboarding, water skiing and jet skiing. Swimming is allowed in most of the lake, except near the dam, boat ramps and the boathouse. However, swimming is at the visitor&#39;s own risk, since there are no lifeguards. Fishing and camping facilities are maintained by the City of Lawton, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Several species of fish live in the lake, including channel catfish, crappie, flathead catfish, largemouth bass, saugeye, sunfish, walleye and white bass. In 1999, a fisherman caught an 85-pound, 4-ounce Blue Catfish,which was the state record for that species at the time.</p><br>
<p>Charleston Lake is located in South Eastern Ontario, just north east of Gananoque. The lake is carved out of the Frontenac Axis, a relatively narrow extension of the Canadian Shield bedrock which dominates the landscape of Northern Ontario. The lake is the principal watershed for the Gananoque River, and boasts prime fishing locations. Charleston Lake Provincial Park is located on the shores of the lake, and offers camping, hiking, boating, fishing and interpretive sessions.</p><br>
<p>Charleston Lake has over 100 miles of shoreline and over 100 islands with over 800 summer and permanent residences on the lake. The water surface is 26.2 km, and the maximum depth is 91.1 m. A naturally occurring rock and tree formation shows a profile of the guardian of Charleston Lake known as Indian Head. Other than Charleston Lake Provincial Park, the County Park and Sand Bay are excellent destinations for day trips.</p><br>
<p>For five years culminating in 2005, Charleston Lake was the site for re-introduction of the peregrine falcon with the Canadian Peregrine Foundation, Ontario Power Generation and Leeds County Stewardship Council.</p><br>
<p>Great Brewster Island is one of the outer islands in the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area, situated some 9 mi offshore of downtown Boston. The island has a permanent size of 18 acre, plus an intertidal zone of a further 49 acre. Unlike the other outer islands, which are low-lying outcroppings of bedrock, Great Brewster is a drumlin which reaches a height of over 100 feet  above sea level. It has vegetation cover consisting of Apple Trees, Pear Trees, Sumac, Beach Roses, Grasses and Common Reeds, together with a large Gull colony. The birds are aggressive during nesting season and access by humans, which is by private boat only, is discouraged during that time.</p><br>
<p>Like the neighbouring islands of Little Brewster, Middle Brewster and Outer Brewster, Great Brewster Island is named after William Brewster, the first preacher and teacher for the Plymouth Colony. In 1891, in</p><br>
<p>what was considered a radical action for the time, four women spent two weeks on the island and documented their visit. More recently the island has been home to summer cottages for local families and for soldiers who manned an observation post as part of the Brewster Islands Military Reservation during World War II. The military post included 90 mm rapid-fire guns, searchlight stations, and a command post that aided in controlling the harbor’s minefield.</p><br>
<p>Miller Peak, at 9,470 ft, is the second-highest mountain in Cochise County, Arizona . Located approximately 10 miles south of Sierra Vista, Arizona, it is the highest mountain in the Huachuca mountain range and a popular local hiking destination. The peak is the highest point in the Miller Peak Wilderness on the Coronado National Forest. The area was affected by the 2011 Monument fire and most of the pine trees seen in older photographs were burned and destroyed. Scrub oak are beginning to replace the areas that were previously covered by pine.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking up Miller Peak</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Miller Peak can be gained by any of several trails, which all involve moderately strenuous hikes requiring approximately 3,500 ft in elevation gain and 9 to 11 mi distance round-trip. Perhaps the most well-known trailhead is found at the end of Miller Canyon Road, near Hereford, Arizona. Other popular trails include the Montezuma Pass trailhead in the Coronado National Forest and the Carr Peak trailhead, but the short trail to the summit off the main Crest Trail can be reached from nearly any other trail in the Huachucas. Notable landmarks along the way include Bathtub Springs and Bear Saddle. Nearby Carr Peak (9,229 ft) can be reached in the same day, along the Crest Trail.</p><br>
<p>Those attempting to hike to the summit of Miller Peak should bring at bare minimum 3 liters of water, especially in the summer months. The humidity in winter is very low (&lt;15%) so bring more water than you expect even when the temperatures are not high. In winter snow storms are common. In summer fierce lightning storms and flash floods hit the peaks so do not hike in summer when thunderstorms are present. Hikers should also be aware the area is frequented by illegal immigrants and drug runners crossing over from Mexico, just a few miles away. Always be aware of your surroundings. Although traffic has decreased in recent years, trash from recent illegal travelers is easily evident. You will also occasionally cross paths with Border Patrol agents as they also hike the area on patrol.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ianthe / Matahi is a lake located on the West Coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. A number of small streams flow into the lake and it empties into the Wanganui River. It is close to the coast and near the rural settlements of Pukekura and Hari Hari, and State Highway 6 runs along the eastern shore of the lake on its route between Ross and the Franz Josef Glacier.</p><br>
<p>The lake is popular for boating, swimming, and trout fishing. In the early 20th century, a privately run bush tramway was established from the end of the New Zealand Railways Department&#39;s Ross Branch railway to logging interests in the Lake Ianthe area. This bush tramway was closed in 1959 when the sawmilling operation that owned the line shut down.</p><br>
<p>Following the passage of the Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998, the name of the lake was officially altered to Lake Ianthe / Matahi.</p><br>
<p>Responsible body: Private</p><br>
<p>Nikwasi is an archaeological site located on the floodplain of the Little Tennessee River located in contemporary Franklin, North Carolina. An associated platform mound is conspicuous to the many drivers who pass by daily on US 441 Business. The mound architecture has been well-preserved down to the present day, and the ramp and flat summit continue to be easily differentiated.</p><br>
<p>The site takes its name from the Cherokee town located there which enters the historical record in the early 18th century. Based upon the southeast orientation of the ramp and the results of a 2009 ground-penetrating radar survey, the summit of the mound is thought to have been the seat of the townhouse in which Cherokee leaders hosted British delegations in 1727 and 1731.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological and Geophysical Investigations</h2><br>
<p>A single 5′ x 5′ test unit dug by University of North Carolina archaeologists in 1963 constitutes the entirety of formal digging known to have been undertaken at Nikwasi. The mound’s excellent state of preservation owes much to the fact that it was opened by neither the nor the Smithsonian during the later part of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The 2009 GPR survey revealed that the base of the mound is covered by from 1 to 2 meters of combined alluvial deposits and manmade fill. As a result of these findings, it is clear that prior to the flooding and fill events the mound enjoyed greater topographic prominence than currently. In other words, the mound was once an even more impressive part of the cultural landscape than it is today.</p><br>
<h2>Nikwasi in the Documentary Record</h2><br>
<p>The Varnod census enumerated the 1721 population of the town as 142, constituting 53 men, 50 women, and 59 children.</p><br>
<p>Nikwasi hosted delegations up from Charleston in the years 1727 and 1731. Colonel John Herbert took part in a council there on December 3, 1727. Self-appointed royal ambassador was hosted at the town three years later on April 3–4, 1731.</p><br>
<p>During the summer of 1761 the Nikwasi townhouse was used as a field hospital by the members of the punitive expedition led by James Grant.</p><br>
<p>Lake Killarney is a subdivision surrounding a private lake located to the west of the Fox River in unincorporated Cary and Crystal Lake, Illinois. It is located 45 mi northwest of Chicago. Lake Killarney residents have exclusive lake rights to an 80 acre spring fed lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Killarney 42&deg;14&prime;22&Prime;N latitude, 88&deg;15&prime;29&Prime;W longitude is a 80 acre glacial lake located in McHenry County, northwest of Cary. The lake has a maximum depth of 40 ft, an average of 10 ft, and a storage capacity of 345 acre.ft. Lake Killarney serves as a recreational lake for its residences. Residents practice catch and release to assure the fish stay plentiful. A valid Illinois Fishing license is required. Swimming, fishing, row-boating or canoeing, and sail-boating are the major uses of the lake. Access is limited to subdivision members only. No motors of any kind are allowed on the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Killarney Home Owners Association was incorporated March 15, 1962, and is the sole owner of the "Common Properties" known as Lake Killarney (the lake itself), its two beaches, parkland areas, along with various sections of property surrounding the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Killarney residents enjoy several annual events including a Christmas tree burn in January, an Easter Egg Hunt at Easter time, an annual neighborhood garage sale in May, a pig roast and fishing contest in August each year and a Halloween party in October. Residents participate in Beach cleanup for East and West beach in May. Board meetings are held each month and there are two general membership meetings each year to decide on budget and other issues.</p><br>
<p>Mount Adams is a mountain in the West Coast region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. The summit is roughly 19 km south of Harihari and reaches 2,208 m in height.</p><br>
<p>Mount Adams lies to the west of the main divide of the Southern Alps and drains into the Whataroa and Poerua catchments. Both of these rivers flow westwards to the Tasman Sea. There are two small glaciers on the south-eastern slopes that drain the summit ice cap; the Escape Glacier (about 2.1 km in length) and the Siege Glacier (about 3.6 km).</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>This area, like much of the West Coast region, is subject to high precipitation by world standards. There are no rainfall gauges on Mount Adams, but a gauge in Whataroa valley at the State Highway 6 bridge 10 km south-west of the summit at 60 metres above sea level, records a mean annual rainfall of 5690mm (224 inches) and daily falls of up to 320mm (12 inches). It is likely that the precipitation at higher elevations on Mount Adams will be significantly greater than this, and a rain gauge in the Cropp River 42 km north-east of Mount Adams at 860 metres above sea level, records a mean annual rainfall of 10,690mm (421 inches) and daily falls of up to 695mm (27 inches).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Alpine Fault runs across the lower North-western slopes of the mountain near the edge of the coastal outwash plain, and is the boundary between the Pacific and Indo-Australian tectonic plates. Mount Adams itself is composed primarily of schist of Permian–Triassic (depositional) age, which is increasingly metamorphosed closer to the Alpine Fault.</p><br>
<p>On 6 October 1999, a large rock landslide originating near the northern summit of Mount Adams deposited c.10–15 million cubic metres of rock in the Poerua River 1,790 m below. This created a 120-metre (390 ft) high landslide dam, which formed a lake that extended 1.2 kilometres upstream. The dam failed six days later during heavy rain. Fears of major damage did not turn into reality when the dam was breached, though significant quantities of coarse gravel were deposited downstream and the river&#39;s path was changed in places.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Mount Adams is unique in that it is one of the only glaciated peaks situated on or to the west of the main divide that is accessible as a weekend trip from a west coast road end. The standard route to the summit starts from a hidden layby off SH6 and heads up Dry Creek/Little Man River to a steep spur where a marked route starts. The marked route ends at the bushline and the remainder of the climb is on tussock, rock, and eventually the summit ice cap glacier.</p><br>
<p>Although this route is technically not difficult, it involves multiple river crossings, off track travel up Dry Creek/Little Man River and above the bushline, and glacial travel requiring an ice axe and crampons. The overall elevation gain, from highway to summit, is approximately 2,100 m. Most parties take two days to summit and return to SH6, though it is possible in a long summer day.</p><br>
<p>Lake Mahinapua is a shallow lake on the West Coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. It is about 10 km south of Hokitika and near the small town of Ruatapu. It was formerly a coastal lagoon, but the buildup of coastal dunes made it an inland lake roughly 500 m from the Tasman Sea coastline.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, the Lake Mahinapua Scenic Reserve was established to protect the land around the lake, and a number of short walking tracks run through this area. In 2012, the West Coast Treetop Walk was opened nearby, which also offers views towards the lake.</p><br>
<p>Other activities that take place around the lake are picnicking, camping, and various water-based activities. Species of birds such as black swans, grey ducks and mallard ducks live around the lagoon, while the surrounding bush provides a habitat for species such as parakeets and tui.</p><br>
<p>State Highway 6 passes between the lake and sea on its route between Hokitika and Ross. The Ross Branch railway also once ran past the lake; it opened to Ruatapu on 9 November 1906, was extended to Ross on 1 April 1909, and closed on 24 November 1980.</p><br>
<p>Zygos : Ζυγός; is a village, part of the municipality of Kavala in the Kavala regional unit, Greece. Population 2,057 .</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name of the village is Zygos, the Greek word for balancing scales.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The village is located approximately 13 km north of Kavala. Zygos after the extensive reformation of administrative structure of Greece under the plan Kallikratis belongs to Municipality of Kavala. Located at the foot-hill of a dense pine forest, at the eastern edge of the Pangaio valley.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>The village is famous for its football team, named Aris Zygou. Aris Zygou founded in 1933 and ceased to exist because of the World War II. The team refounded in 1946 and its 4th in the raw of the oldest teams in Kavala. Aris Zygou is among the most successful teams based in villages. Aris Zygou has played in the fourth national league of Greece for two periods 1990–91 and 1991–92. During these years manage to win Kavala Cup in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Uglich Reservoir or Uglichskoye Reservoir  is an artificial lake in the upper part of the Volga River formed by the Uglich Hydroelectric Station dam.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1939 in the town of Uglich. It is located in Tver and Yaroslavl Oblasts in central Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Uglich Reservoir has a surface area of 249 km² and a water volume of 1.2 km. Its length is 143 km, it maximum width is 5 km, and average depth is 5 m (with maximum depth equaling 23 m). The Uglich Reservoir was created for the benefit of transportation, energy, and water supply. It also performs seasonal flow regulation. The towns of Uglich, Kalyazin, and Kimry are located along the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the dam led to a 15th-century monastery in Uglich and 16th-century monastery in Kalyazin being submerged by the artificial lake. The Flooded Belfry is an example of a submerged landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Freycinet Peninsula is a large peninsula located on the eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The peninsula is located north of Schouten Island and is contained within the Freycinet National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Features and location</h2><br>
<p>The peninsula is a large, dramatic land formation carved into Tasmania&#39;s eastern coastline. Known for its pink granite mountain range, The Hazards, and its sheltered, white sand beaches, the peninsula is the location for Freycinet National Park, the first national park to be declared in Tasmania, along with Mt Field National Park. Also on the peninsula is the village of Coles Bay, the Friendly Beaches Reserve, and Wineglass and Honeymoon bays.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The first landing by Europeans was by Captain Weatherhead of the transport ship Matilda on 27 July 1791. Due to the narrow northern isthmus, Weatherhead and Tasman mistook it for an island. Nicholas Baudin named the peninsula after French explorer Louis de Freycinet. Baudin also named Cape Baudin, Cape Faure, Cape Forestier and Thouin Bay, although that bay is now known as Wineglass Bay.</p><br>
<p>Watermouth Castle is a building in Watermouth, near Ilfracombe, North Devon, England, designed by George Wightwick as a residence for the Bassett family in the mid-19th century and is not a true castle but a country house built to resemble one. It has been designated as a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>Located near the shore of the inlet of Watermouth, near Ilfracombe, Devon, the castle houses a collection of Victorian antiques centred on domestic tools and amusement machines, a family theme park and holiday apartments. The Bassetts left the castle in 1945.</p><br>
<h2>Descent of ownership</h2><br>
<h3>Bassett</h3><br>
<p>The castle was built by Joseph Davie Bassett (1764-10 December 1846), son of John Davie (died 1793) of Orleigh Court, Buckland Brewer and his wife Eleanora Basset of Heanton Court, Heanton Punchardon. His brother was Rev. Charles Davie (1760–1836), rector of Heanton Punchardon, which advowson was possessed by the Bassett family. After his mother became the sole heiress of her childless brother Francis Basset (died 1802), Joseph Davie adopted the name Bassett in lieu of his patronymic and adopted the Bassett armorials. He sold Orleigh in 1807 and built Watermouth Castle as his principal residence. He married Mary Irwin (1777-21/4/1862) of Barnstaple.</p><br>
<p>The Devon topographer Rev. John Swete visited Watermouth, before the construction of the Georgian castle, as part of his travels in 1796, and was entertained by Mr Davie. He painted the Palladian house then standing on the site and recorded the visit in his journal.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Bassett&#39;s eldest son and heir was Arthur Davie Bassett (1801 - 8 December 1870), who died in a horse-riding accident. He married Harriet Sarah Crawfurth, daughter of Thomas Smith Crawfurth of Dulverton, by whom he had his eldest surviving son Reverend Arthur Crawfurth Davie Bassett (1830–1880), who was unmarried and died at Watermouth Castle. His heir was his sister Harriet Mary Bassett, the wife of Charles Henry Williams (1834–1908), MP, of Pilton House, Pilton, near Barnstaple.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, the castle was inherited by their daughter Edith Bassett Bassett (1862–1943) (born Edith Basset Williams), married to Captain Ernest Charles Penn Curzon (1856–1938). During World War I she started to sell off the ancient Basset lands. Watermouth Castle had been used as a military hospital during World War I, and in the 1920s she started to sell the Berrynarbor farms and cottages. In 1942 she sold most of the contents of Watermouth Castle.</p><br>
<h3>Wickenden</h3><br>
<p>The castle passed through the hands of many short-term owners and property speculators but was at last purchased by Keith Wickenden (1932–1983), a Conservative MP for Dorking South and businessman. He was killed in a light aircraft crash near Shoreham Airport in 1983.</p><br>
<h3>Haines</h3><br>
<p>Watermouth Castle was purchased from Wickenden in 1977 by Richard L. Haines of Market Deeping, Cambridgeshire and his wife. The price paid for the castle and 60 acre was £50,000. The castle was turned into an amusement centre, which as of 2012 was run by their two sons Jonathan and Antonie Haines.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The castle is a tourist attraction open to the public by admission charge. Within the Castle, areas include Castle Treasure, Dungeon Labyrinths and The Watershow Extravaganza. Its grounds feature nine rides spread across themed areas known as Adventure Land, Merry go Land and Gnome Land.</p><br>
<p>Knockmealdown  is the highest peak of the Knockmealdown Range of mountains, located on the border between Co Tipperary and Co Waterford. The peak itself is located in County Waterford and is the highest point in that county. However, since the county border generally follows the summit line the main peaks are actually in both county Tipperary and in county Waterford . Of the more prominent peaks to the east of the Vee road — Sugarloaf, Knockmealdown, Knocknagnauv and Knockmeal sit on the border, Knocknafallia and Knocknanask are in County Waterford and Knockshane, Crohan West and Knocknasculloge are in County Tipperary. The same situation is true for part of the nearby Galty mountains where the highest peaks are shared between Tipperary and Limerick.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Knockmealdown is the Anglicised form of an older Irish name. The original Irish name is widely believed to be Cnoc Mhaoldomhnaigh, meaning "Muldowneys&#39; hill". It has also been suggested that it is derived from Cnoc Maol Donn, meaning "bald brown hill". In 1654 the name was recorded as Knockmealdowny, indicating there was an extra syllable at the end.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>The peak is most easily accessed from the west, via the layby overlooking Bay Lough on the Vee Gap. This also involves climbing Sugarloaf Hill first. It may also be climbed by following the Glannandaree stream from the carpark at the point where the R668 and R669 roads meet.</p><br>
<p>Darwell Reservoir lies to the west of Mountfield, East Sussex, England. The reservoir provides water for Southern Water customers.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir covers around 156 acres (63.4 hectares) and is just over a mile long. Work began on its construction in about 1937 and it was completed in 1949, when it was officially opened by the Duke of Norfolk. When it was filled, 9 cottages, including Birchford Cottages, Darwell Furnace Farm and cottages associated with it, were lost under the water. A pipeway was laid in the 1980s takes water to Beauport Park to supply Hastings.</p><br>
<p>The Darwell Reservoir is surrounded by ancient woodland, including the Darwell Wood a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Which is a broadleaved woodland of 92.9 acres (37.6 hectares), which is dissected by streams draining into the reservoir from the north.</p><br>
<p>Cranbrook and District Angling Club has the sole fishing rights at the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Penobscot Building is the original 13-story building of the Penobscot Block complex in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is the first Penobscot Building, and one of three buildings of the same name in the later-constructed complex. It is located at 131 West Fort Street, within the Detroit Financial District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Penobscot Building was designed by Donaldson and Meier in the Beaux-Arts style, and incorporates brick and stone into its materials. Construction began in 1904 and was completed in 1905. Its building was financed by prominent Detroit businessmen, including lumberman Simon J. Murphy, Sr.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The lower three stories of the building are faced in limestone, the middle seven in brick, and the upper three in terra cotta. The façade is divided into five bays, each with a pair of double-hung windows. Corinthian column piers front the eleventh and twelfth stories, and the original building cornice has been removed.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The present day use of the office building is primarily for retail shops and services. It is a contributing property in the Detroit Financial Historic District, and on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The F. Q. Story Neighborhood Historic District is located in central Phoenix, Arizona, USA. The neighborhood runs from McDowell Road south to Roosevelt Street and from Seventh Avenue west to Grand Avenue. The neighborhood as well as many of the individual houses are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The F.Q. Story neighborhood consists of 602 homes that were constructed from the late 1920s through the late 1940s. A variety of architectural styles, including Spanish Colonial Revival, English Tudor, Craftsman bungalows as well as transitional ranch are represented within the neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Francis Quarles Story</h2><br>
<p>In 1887, Francis Quarles Story, a Boston wool merchant whose ill health had taken him to California a decade before, purchased the area that is today the F.Q. Story Historic District. He had settled in Los Angeles County, studied the cultivation of citrus, planted orange groves, and is credited with founding the national advertising campaign that made the Sunkist Orange famous. Active in many educational and conservation endeavors, F.Q. Story was a director and president of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce and a tireless booster of commercial and industrial enterprises in California and Arizona. Story and other prominent southern California landowners expanded into the Salt River Valley of Arizona in the late 1880s, investing in land and promoting both agricultural and townsite development. Although he never lived in Phoenix, Story was involved in numerous projects, such as the design and construction of the 100 ft wide Grand Avenue thoroughfare in 1887 and the subsequent building of its streetcar line. In the early 1900s, Story was influential in the founding of the Grand Avenue and University Additions, but their development was disappointing. In spite of having announced in 1910 plans to subdivide the 200 acre parcel, which would become the Story neighborhood, he sold the entire parcel to the Phoenix firm of Jordan, Grace and Phelps in 1919.</p><br>
<h2>Promotion</h2><br>
<p>In 1920, when development of what is now the F.Q. Story Historic District began, Phoenix had a population of 29,000; almost six times what it had been at the turn-of-the-century. Grand Avenue had been built to link central Phoenix with the thriving agricultural communities of Glendale and Peoria. Like the nearby Roosevelt neighborhood, Story was advertised as a streetcar suburb, being close to the Grand Avenue and Kenilworth car lines. As in other developments oriented to the street car, Story was laid out with narrow, deep lots. The streetcar line at the eastern edge of the neighborhood clustered the initial houses. By the middle of the decade, as the automobile became more common, houses located further west began to incorporate detached garages and side-yard port coheres appeared. Their presence reflects the growing impact of the automobile on architecture and suburban American life by the mid-1920s.</p><br>
<p>When subdivision of the F.Q. Story Addition began, it was described in advertisements in the Arizona Republican in March 1920 as "The Real Estate Event of the Season!" and "The Place, the Thing, and the Time you have been waiting for." Advertising boasted that the developers "expect to sell this entire tract within thirty days." In spite of the hype, only one house was built in all of 1921. This was due to the fact that the area lay directly in the flood way of Cave Creek, which in 1921, inundated the entire western end of the city and put two feet of muddy water on the first floor of the state capitol just a mile to the south. No lives were lost, but property damages were severe and estimated to have exceeded the million-dollar mark.</p><br>
<h2>Residential Development</h2><br>
<p>After Cave Creek Dam was completed in 1923, thirteen more homes were built, and in January 1924, the Dwight B. Heard Investment Company reopened the original Story Addition. The newly formed partnership of Lane-Smith opened North Story, and by 1926, a total of 113 homes had been built on streets from Roosevelt and McDowell between 7th and 9th Avenues. Both sections had a requirement that buildings cost a minimum of $5000. The subdivision also had gas and electrical service. Kenilworth School had opened in 1920, and in 1926, Franklin School was built on McDowell at 17th Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>Development Accelerates</h2><br>
<p>The last development phase of the Story Addition began in 1927 when "New Story" opened, covering the 80 acre from 11th to I 5th Avenues, between McDowell Road and Roosevelt Street. At $3000 to $4000, building restrictions were slightly lower here and duplexes were permitted in certain sections.</p><br>
<p>In July 1927, the developers, Lane-Smith Investment Company, encouraged sales by having A.F. Wasielewski Construction Company construct a "model home" at 1106 West Lynwood, a novel idea for the period. By September, forty more homes had been built. At the same time, the remaining westerly portion of F.Q. Story&#39;s land was opened as "West Story" by developers Cowley, Higgins and Delph Company. It was also known as Franklin Addition, named for the new primary school nearby. Building restrictions were more modest still, just $2500 and $2200, which allowed working families to build in the area.</p><br>
<p>Development hit its peak in 1930 with the construction of 133 new houses, only to falter as the effects of the Great Depression hit Phoenix. Construction declined, but by 1938, approximately seventy-five percent of the F.Q. Story Addition had been developed.</p><br>
<h2>Typical Phoenix Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>People of wealth and influence, who bought large blocks of land for resale, never intending to live in the area, invested in the F.Q. Story neighborhood as a speculative venture. In its historic period, it was a typical middle-class neighborhood. In the eastern sections with the higher building restrictions, the earliest Story residents were mainly of white-collar status professional people such as physicians, lawyers, presidents and owners of small to medium-sized companies. On the west side were government personnel, sales people of all kinds, and a number of contractors who built in the area. All three partners in the realty company of Cowley, Higgins and Delph lived in "West Story," as did a number of O&#39;Malley Lumber Company employees.</p><br>
<p>The people who were first drawn to the neighborhood were considered one of its primary attractions. At one point during its development, the Price & Price Investment Company ran an advertisement listing the names and occupations of nearly all Story Addition property owners in an attempt to encourage sales. Homes were fairly small and, even at their most lavish,</p><br>
<p>relatively inexpensive in comparison with some of the other emerging Phoenix neighborhoods of this era.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood Commercial Activity</h2><br>
<p>The developers of Story Addition in the 1927-28 period also planned for commercial activities in the neighborhood. Commercial buildings were constructed in eight locations. Characteristic of commercial development of the period, these buildings were located on corner lots on McDowell, Roosevelt, and Grand Avenue, the chief thoroughfares.</p><br>
<p>The only building constructed during this time, which remains intact in the neighborhood today, is the Payn Takit Market at 7th Avenue and Roosevelt. This small grocery was the twenty-third store opened up by the Payn Takit Grocery Company. A Phoenix chain founded in 1917, they promoted the innovative concept of self-service or cash and carry." The importance of this early commercial building to the neighborhood is recognized with its individual listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Styles</h2><br>
<p>Much of the architectural significance of the F.Q. Story Historic District relates to its representation of the increasing popularity of period styles, which was typical of early twentieth century American residential design. The Bungalow style prevailed in the eastern sections developed in the early 1920s. Period Revival houses - those that use the form and ornamentation of earlier architectural styles - prevailed by the mid-1920s. Spanish Colonial Revival and Tudor Revival homes were the most popular, but examples of other Revival styles, such as English and Norman Cottage, Mediterranean, Pueblo, Mission, and Neoclassical are common. Art Modern, Ranch Style and Prairie houses were also scattered through the area.</p><br>
<p>Spanish Colonial Revival houses take their characteristics from the Southwestern architectural tradition. Identifying features include flat or low-pitched roofs with little or no overhang, red tile roof shingles, prominent arches over doors, windows and porches, and an asymmetrical stuccoed facade.</p><br>
<p>In contrast, Tudor Revival homes draw from the medieval architecture of Europe. These dwellings feature steeply pitched gabled roofs, and are often ornamented with half timbering. They also are identifiable by their picturesque massing, multiple pane window groupings and massive brick chimneys.</p><br>
<h2>Significance of the F.Q. Story Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>Today, as in the past, the F.Q. Story Historic District is a thriving neighborhood characterized by diversity. Historically, it remains an important expression of the people and the building practices that established Phoenix as a progressive twentieth century city. The form of the neighborhood, the placement and arrangement of the buildings, and its distinctive landscaping all contribute to a character that reflects the economies, technology and popular tastes of a bygone era. Story is architecturally important because it displays a wide range of historic styles from the 1920s and 1930s that illustrate the changing architectural trends of the period.</p><br>
<p>Greys Peak is the northernmost summit of the East Humboldt Range of Elko County in northeastern Nevada about 10 mi southwest of the community of Wells. It rises over 5,000 ft from the Humboldt Valley, making it one of the most visually prominent peaks in the area. To the west are Dennis Flats, Starr Valley, and remote Greys Lake, while to the east are Chimney Rock, Clover Valley, and popular Angel Lake. The summit is the start of a high crest running almost 10 mi to the south.</p><br>
<p>The peak is named after Enoch Grey, an early homesteader in nearby Starr Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The most common approach starts at the Angel Lake Campground on the mountains western flank. A primitive trail, climbs about 2,300 ft from the parking lot.</p><br>
<p>French Creek, once known as Saukanac Creek, is a 22.6 mi tributary of the Schuylkill River in Berks and Chester counties, Pennsylvania in the United States. The water course was also known as the Vincent River, after Sir Mathias Vincent, who purchased land  along it in Chester County in 1686.</p><br>
<p>French Creek travels through the Hopewell Big Woods, including French Creek State Park, and joins the Schuylkill in Phoenixville. French Creek is a designated Pennsylvania Scenic River.</p><br>
<p>The French Creek valley was an important early industrial region, particularly iron, in the United States. Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site along French Creek interprets this history. The Phoenix Iron Works site in Phoenixville, an active iron and steel producer from colonial times until the late 20th century, sits astride the creek just before it joins the Schuylkill.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, the Green Valleys Association (GVA) with its 38 co-petitioners filed a petition with the Pennsylvania Environmental Quality Board for the upgrade of the French Creek watershed from a designation of High Quality (HQ) to Exceptional Value (EV). In September 1998, the French Creek watershed west of PA 100 and the Birch Run watershed were granted this upgrade. In 2003, Green Valleys and its 48 co-petitioners successfully filed a petition to obtain an upgrade from HQ to EV of the lower reaches of French Creek, from the Kennedy Covered Bridge in East Vincent and East Pikeland Townships upstream to PA 100 in South Coventry Township as well as the entire Beaver Run. This petition was accepted by the Environmental Quality Board in February 2004 and is currently being reviewed.</p><br>
<p>Sørøya  is Norways fourth largest island in terms of area, and is divided between the municipalities of Hasvik and Hammerfest. It is often claimed to be one of the most beautiful&#39; of the islands in Norway.</p><br>
<p>The island is surrounded by the Norwegian Sea on the north and the Sørøysundet to the south. Across the Sørøysundet are three large islands: Stjernøya, Seiland and Kvaløya. The island of Sørøya has no bridge or tunnel access, only a regular ferry route from Hasvik to Øksfjord on the mainland. Hasvik Airport is located on the southern tip of the island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On 15 February 1945 525 Norwegian civilians were evacuated from Sørøya by four Royal Navy destroyers and brought to safety in Scotland via Murmansk in the Soviet Union. The rescue operation was code named Operation Open Door. in February and March fighting between Norwegian volunteers and German soldiers resulted in six dead Norwegians and fourteen captured, while between 30 and 100 German soldiers were killed.</p><br>
<p>In World War Two, a guerrilla group operated on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>In 2012 the population numbered 1092.</p><br>
<p>Slieve Gullion  is a mountain in the south of County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The mountain is the heart of the Ring of Gullion and is the highest point in the county, with an elevation of 573 m. At the summit is a small lake and two ancient burial cairns, one of which is the highest surviving passage grave in Ireland. Slieve Gullion plays a prominent role in the mythology and history of the area and dominates the countryside around it, offering views of as far away as Antrim, Dublin Bay and Wicklow on a clear day.</p><br>
<p>Villages around Slieve Gullion include Drumintee, Mullaghbawn, Lislea, Forkhill and Meigh. The mountain gives its name to the surrounding countryside, and is the name of an electoral area within Newry and Mourne district council.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Slieve Gullion is the eroded remains of a Paleocene volcanic complex. It is surrounded by a ring dike known as the Ring of Gullion, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Slieve Gullion has been shaped by glaciation and exhibits a classic crag and tail glacial feature. The tail, made up of glacial deposits, points south, ending at Drumintee. The geological formation was the first ring dike to be mapped, although its significance was not understood until similar structures had been described from Scotland. The rocks of the area are complex and have featured in international geological debate since the 1950s. The site has attracted geologists from all over the world and featured in a number of theories that have been put forward to explain the unusual rock relationships. Some of these theories have now become an accepted part of geological science.</p><br>
<p>Much of Slieve Gullion is covered with forest, heather, or raw stone, while 612 hectares of dry heath on the mountain has been designated a Special Area of Conservation, an Environmentally Sensitive Area, and an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In July 2006, some areas of gorse were destroyed by a wildfire which may have been started deliberately.</p><br>
<p>Traces of fields on the mountain&#39;s poor soil from farming in earlier times can still be seen. There is also evidence of quarrying. Today Slieve Gullion is used for little economic production but is popular with visitors and trekkers. There is road access to about halfway up the mountain and the remains of an old trail allowing easy access to the summit.</p><br>
<h3>Cairns</h3><br>
<p>There are two cairns on top of the mountain, on either side of a small lake. The southern one is a large passage grave, the highest surviving passage grave in Ireland. In 1961, a team of archaeologists explored the site and set up a 30-person camp 600 ft below the summit. The passage grave cairn is 30 m (97 ft) wide and 5 m (16 ft) high. The chamber inside is 3.6 m (12 ft) wide, with a corbelled roof up to 4.3 m (14 ft) from the ground. It contained three large blocks of stone seemingly used as basins. Some bits of worked flint and a barbed-end arrowhead were also found, "the meager remnants that survived the centuries of tomb raiding". The entrance is aligned with the setting sun on the winter solstice. Radiocarbon dating suggests it was built c.3500–2900 BCE. The smaller cairn to the north of the lake was built later, perhaps during the Bronze Age. It contains two cist burials, with one containing bits of burnt bone; likely the remains of a single adult.</p><br>
<p>The two cairns were disturbed by American soldiers training there during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>In mythology</h2><br>
<p>Slieve Gullion appears in Irish mythology.</p><br>
<h3>Fionn mac Cumhaill and the Cailleach</h3><br>
<p>According to one tale, Áine and her sister Milucra both sought after the legendary hero Fionn mac Cumhaill. When Áine said she would never marry a man with grey hair, Milucra secretly put a spell on the lake, so that anyone who swam in it would emerge as an old person. She tricked Fionn into swimming in it, and he emerged as an old man with grey-white hair. His men, the Fianna, forced her to give him a restorative potion from her cornucopia, but his hair did not return to its true colour. In some versions of the tale, Milucra is revealed to be the Cailleach Bhéirre, an ancient goddess.</p><br>
<p>The names of several features on the mountain refer to the Cailleach Bhéirre. The passage grave is known as Calliagh Birras House and the small lake is called Calliagh Birras Lough. Lower down, on a hillock called Spellick, is a rock feature called the Calliagh Birra&#39;s Chair. Locals would visit it at Lughnasadh and take turns sitting on the chair.</p><br>
<h3>Cú Ċullainn</h3><br>
<p>Slieve Gullion plays a key role in the legend of Cú Chulainn.</p><br>
<p>According to mythology, the mountain is named after Culann the metalsmith. It is here that Sétanta spent his childhood and received the name Cú Ċullainn. Culann invited Conchobhar mac Neasa, king of Ulster, to a feast at his house on the slopes of Slieve Gullion. On his way, Conchobhar stopped at the playing field to watch the boys play hurling. He was so impressed by Sétantas performance that he asked him to join him at the feast. Sétanta promised to join him after he finished his game. Conchobhar went ahead, but he forgot about Sétanta, and Culann let loose his ferocious hound to guard his house. When Sétanta arrived, the hound attacked him, but he killed it; in one version by smashing it against a standing stone, in another by driving a sliotar (hurling ball) down its throat with his hurley. Culann was devastated by the loss of his hound, so Sétanta promised to rear him a replacement, and until it was old enough to do the job, he himself would guard Culanns house. The druid Cathbhadh announced that his name henceforth would be Cú Chulainn, "Culann&#39;s Hound".</p><br>
<p>In the Táin Bó Cuailnge, the nearby Gap of the North is where Cú Chulainn single-handedly fended-off the army of Méabh.</p><br>
<p>The Nicholas Jarrot Mansion is a historic house at 124 East First Street in Cahokia, Illinois and is operated as an inactive historic site by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency . It is a State Historic Site, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and became a National Historic Landmark in 2001. Built in 1807–1810 for the son of French colonists, it is an extremely rare example of Federal architecture in the upper Mississippi River valley.</p><br>
<h2>Nicholas Jarrot</h2><br>
<p>Nicholas Jarrot (1764–1820) was a fur trader, lawyer, county judge, businessman, and developer who owned 25,000 acres (100 km²) of land at the peak of his success. He tried to lead and manage the transition of his community, originally citizens of the French colony of Louisiana, by the mid-18th century under rule by Great Britain, as it was transformed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries into what became known as the American Bottom. The east bank of the Mississippi River, including what is now southwestern Illinois, had been ceded by Great Britain to the United States following the American Revolution by the Treaty of Paris in 1783.</p><br>
<p>As a pro-American merchant with business ties to the new republic, Jarrot was recommended to the westward-bound explorer Meriwether Lewis in 1803. Lewis met Jarrot in December of that year and won the merchants permission to encamp his men on one of Jarrots properties, a riverfront tract across from the mouth of the Missouri River. This winter encampment of 1803–1804 became Camp Dubois, the shakedown site of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>As a reflection of his business success and ability to fit in with the incoming English-speaking frontiersmen, Jarrot decided to construct an American-style house. The Jarrot Mansion was built to resemble the houses of successful families on the USA East Coast, rather than the French Colonial style that continued to be followed by the French-speaking community leaders in places such as Sainte Genevieve, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>The Jarrot Mansion was built by masons who were not used to working with bricks, and so its windows are slightly askew and the facade of the house is asymmetrical. The house and its facade have an appealing quirkiness, and appear to be more vernacular than the owner may have wished. The house was sturdily built, however, and survived the major 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes that had their epicenter at New Madrid, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>The mansion complex includes a spring house built of cut limestone. Spring houses like that of the Jarrot Mansion contained tubs of cool water in which foodstuffs were protected from spoilage for short periods of time.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>The Jarrot Mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A predecessor agency to the IHPA acquired the house in 1980. The house was elevated to the rank of a National Historic Landmark in 2001., the mansion is a largely inactive historic site. The IHPA keeps it closed to the public except for periodic seasonal open-house festivals.</p><br>
<p>The Jarrot Mansion is located less than one-half mile from the Cahokia Courthouse State Historic Site, where Jarrot served as judge of St. Clair County.</p><br>
